

   NFS-Root-Client Mini-Howto
   [1]Ofer Maor, [2]oferm@hcs.co.il
   V4.1, 02 February 1999

   o Mini-Howto, تb, Aϥ NFS Root 
   ݮ, pbAW, إ߫Ȥݪڥؿ. o Howto (HTML 
   or Text) ̷s,  URL:
   [3]http://www.hcs.co.il/oferm/NFS-Root-Client/
 1. Copyright

   (c) 1996 Ofer Maor (oferm@hcs.co.il)

   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
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   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.

   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
   any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
   HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTOs.

   If you have questions, please contact Ofer Maor ([4]oferm@hcs.co.il),
   the author of this mini-HOWTO, or Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at [5]gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email, or at +1 404 853
   9989.

   If you have anything to add to this Mini-Howto, Please mail the author
   (Ofer Maor, [6]oferm@hcs.co.il
   ), with the information. Any new relevant information would be
   appreciated.

   1.1. P

    NFS-Root Howto @, Andreas Kostyrca ([7]andreas@medman.ag.or.at), 
   ڷQVLF·N. Ĥ@B, nإߥ NFS Root ұȤ,
   bB, L Mini-Howto UF. ڪ Mini-Howto ëDեh
   NLu@, ӬOboL{, BΧڪg, h@.

   ٷQP Mark Kushinsky ([8]mark026@ibm.net), LFo Howto 
   ^Mr, ϥeŪ.

   2. e

   ǤH, Q NFS Root , ӫإߨȤݪؿ, o Mini-Howto,
   OFUoǤHӼg. Ъ`N, ou@\hkiHF, ݵ
   AݨDPتөw. pȤݩW, BCӫȤݦUۦΤ
   sM޲z, , MLȤ, ɭnؿ, NOݪ. 
   t@譱, խYȤ, pΩhإΤ, åBѦP@H޲z 
   (Ҧpq), oر, Fe޲z, ɥinϷUhɮׯ
   . o Howto NJIĤGرp.

   2.1. 

   إ߫Ȥݪڥؿ, ùեh̤pؤo, ڭ̥DnJI
   , ɮץiH, Ϊ̥iqAW. bo Howto , 
   N̦ۤvg, ȤݪպA (configuration), Xĳ. b
   ڭ̶}le,  Ъ`N:

     * o Mini-Howto èSڻ, p󱾸 NFS Root.
       pGAݭno譱i@BT, аѦ NFS-Root Mini-Howto.

     * ګȤݪպA, jh¦ mounts M symbolic links. o 
       symbolic links, jiN hardlinks. ܭثhHӤH
       ߦn. Ӧb mount M symbolic link , m hardlink @pô, 
       o˦uI, γ\|oͲVc. @ɮ, D hardlinks 
       F, _hNLkR. ], AsFY, 
        hardlinks |ª, FקKo, AD`
       p, ínôn, AҩmCӳs.

     * qAWT覡, . Ĥ@ (̴M), ON
       Aڥؿ, baݪؿU, Mu|, Ϊ
       sؿ. NڦӨ, ڤwA root partitions 
       ȤݤW. ], o Howto ĳ@ؤ覡, AW
       ؿ, tξAm.

     * o Howto ߽ש, ڦb Slackware 3.1 based distribution W, 
       إ߫Ȥݥؿg. LϥΪ̨ӻ, i|a褣
       P (רO rc.* o), M[Ӥ¤.

   3. إ߫Ȥݪڥؿ

   3.1. إߥؿ

   ̪, Aݭnإߥؿ[c. ڧҦȤ, ئb 
    /clients/hostname U, ڮΩUҤl. L, oؿ
   ]iאּL|. ۲Ĥ@q, OboڥؿU, إ߬
   ؿ. AӫإߤUCؿ:
    bin, dev, etc, home, lib, mnt, proc, sbin, server, tmp, usr, var

   HΨL, AiQmtΤWؿ.

   local, proc, dev oǥؿ, CxnUۤ@, Өlؿ, 
   hO, Χ㪺, MLȤݦ@.

   3.2. إ߶}һ, ̤pɮרt

   3.2.1. إ dev ؿ.

   ޥؿ dev iH@, ̦n٬OCӫȤ, U۫ؤ@. 
   AiHΦXA MAKEDEV scripts, ӫثȺݪ devؿ, Lj
   hƱp, qAƻs, ²: 
    cp -a /dev /clients/hostname

   AO, /dev/mouse, /dev/cdrom, /dev/modem O symbolic links, 
   Nsܹڪ], ], ATO, ̳sT, ӲŦXȤ
   w.

   3.2.2. ƻsһݪ.

   ާڭ̱qA, CF, ̧C, ڭ٬Oݭn
   ǪF, Ȥ. , ڭ̻ݭn "l", blƤe, t
   i]F (M@̶OF\hu, ~o{o ;-). 
   ҥHĤ@, Aӧ /sbin/init ƻsȤݪؿ sbin U, o@
   , K| rc.S, , Aƻs /bin/sh Ȥݪؿ bin U. 
   ٦, FҦF, Aݭn /sbin/mount Ȥݪ
    sbin U. ]A rc.S Ĥ@O mount -av, oNO̧C
   F. M, ګĳAh: update, ls, rm, cp, umount, p@, 
   ȤݱɭYXD, N򥻤uiΤF. pAܦb
   eҰ swap, Aƻs swapon.

   ]oǰ, hƹw]ʺAs, ҥHA]ݽƻs /lib:
    cp -a /lib/ld* /lib/libc.* /lib/libcursses.* /client/hostname/lib

   Ҽ{, Yνƻs, ӬO hardlink ܰɥ. Ū
   oҧ@y, bo Howto  2.1 `.

   Ъ`N, WzҦ, O]}, պAѼƤwǵ
   . pGA rarp  bootp , PoǬ, A]
   iݭn.

   @Ө, Aݭnɮ, ̤֭nϧA]wHζ] rc.S, 
   }lWɮרtΪL. TwAˬdL, A /etc/init H
    rc.S , Tw̨S "", oO, bĤ@e, 
   oͦsLɮתp. M, խYAuo{o˪, Ai
   H]L, άOqA init ɩM rc.S , .

   3.2.3. ؿ var

   jhƱpU, ؿ var , CӫȤݦUO@. iO, 
    var Ƥjh@. ЦbAؿU, ؤ@ؿ, 
   ٧@ var. ڭ̱Nb, WA var ؿ. nإߥaݪ 
   var ؿ, J:
    cp -a /var /clients/hostname/

   {b, Ai, ̭nϹj}, ̭n@. n@ɪؿɮ, 
   unqȤݪ var ؿ, ⥦, A⥦ symbolic link ܥ
    /server/var. LЪ`N, A symbolic link  /server/var 
   ../server/var, ӫD /clients/hostname/server/var, ]o, ڥؿ
   ( /clients/hostname/) ʫ, N|.

   @Ө, ګĳj} /var/run, /var/lock, /var/spool, /var/log.

   3.2.4. lؿ

     * etc bU`㻡.
     * mnt P proc Ω󥻦a. 
     * usr M home ȬI (mount points).
     * tmp HAMw. AiHCӫȤ, UOإߤP tmp ؿ, 
        ]iHب /clients/tmp ؿ, M⥦CӫȤݪ /tmp 
        U. ګĳACӫȤ, UOѤ@ tmp ؿ.

   3.3. إ etc ؿ, ó]wȤݪպA

   Ъ`N - `O, إߥؿ etc, ؿjh@ɩȤݤ
   . pAǵLϺЪȤ, UPtκ޲z, ̦n
   CӫȤ, U۳]ߤ@ etc ؿ.

   3.3.1. إߦhӫȤݦ@Ϊ etc ؿ

   Mڭ̹j}Ȥݤ etc ؿ, Lڭ̤Qb, 
   jɮ. @Ө, ڻ{, MA /etc ؿ, @ etc 
   , oˤn, ]ګĳ, }ӥؿ /clients/etc, eǫȤݩ
   ݪT. oˤ@}l, unA etc ؿe, ƻs 
   /clients/etc ؿUYi.

   AӧҦDwW檺պA, p motd, issue , [
   ioӥؿ, Ӥ[J|HȤݵwӲɮ. (Ҧp, initab 
   άO fstab)

   ̭j, ObA rc.d ؿ. , Aӽվ rc.inet1, 
   HAyAaݪ]w. ڳzL LILO/Loadlin, ںպA
   ҦѼ, ǵ֤, ]ڴXGF rc.inet1 ɪC@. 
   ߤ@dU, O localhost  ifconfig M route. pAO rarp 
   O bootp, ANpӧ.

   䦸, AӽsA rc.S . , Ҧ|ɭP fsck ˬd
   , oO]A}, |Ұ fsck. , AӧⱾ
   A fstab @X. oӬݰ_ӹ:
    mount -avt nonfs

   -t nonfs bo, O]`Ȥ, ] rc.S, 򱵵ۥH rc.inet1 
  Ӳճ] Ethernet. ѩo|ɭP,  NFS partitions, 
  ҥHoӧR. ], ⥦令 mount -av. խYAݭn] 
   rarp/bootp ӳ]wAպA, Nbe, b rc.S @o
   (Ϊ̱q rc.S IsA script), åBTwAϺЪ bin M sbin 
  ؿ, ѩһݪɮ.

   槹 mount -av, ANӹB@ɮרtΤF. حӤ@몺 
   fstab, o˵yAKi, ⥦ƻsCӫȤ. A fstab 
   ݰ_ӹ:
    server:/clients/hostname    /               nfs     default  1 1
    server:/bin                 /bin            nfs     default  1 1
    server:/usr                 /usr            nfs     default  1 1
    server:/sbin                /sbin           nfs     default  1 1
    server:/home                /home           nfs     default  1 1
    server:/lib                 /lib            nfs     default  1 1
    server:/clients/etc         /server/etc     nfs     default  1 1
    server:/clients/var         /server/var     nfs     default  1 1
    none                        /proc           proc    default  1 1

   Ъ`N, r default γ\|ĩҦP. A
   iH⥦אּ rw  ro, Ϊ̲ default 1 1.

   A, TwAA /etc/exports, ݰ_ӹ:
    /clients/hostname   hostname.domainname(rw,no_root_squash)
    /clients/etc        hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /clients/var        hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /usr                hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /sbin               hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /bin                hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /lib                hostname.domainname(ro,no_root_squash)
    /home               hostname.domainname(rw,no_root_squash)

   CxDӨ, Ĥ@ӦUۿW, ~, Li
   DBn (hostmask), ϧAҦD۫ (p pc*.domain - 
   MӭnO, * uNSyIr). ګĳA, j
   ؿŪ, LoѧAMw. no_root_squash NTOϥΪ root, 
   bȤݤW,  nfsd ڤ] root v. Ьd man exports(5). 
   pAnϥΪ, ]qȤݰ passwd, нTw /etc iŪ
   ig (rw) ӫDŪ (ro). L, oä.

   Ъ`Nt@, ɮ rc.S . b Slackware  rc.S, w]
   |Cإ߷s /etc/issue M /etc/motd. poɱqA
   Ū (ro), oӥ\@wn, ӥBګĳ, b
   p.

   ̫, pGAA, nMȤݤ@, ֦ۦPϥΪ̸
   w (userbase), AbUCؤ覡@, 1) ϥ NIS (Yellow 
   Pages - аѦ yp-howto), o,  NIS AG, CӫȤ
   ݳ|Uۦ /etc/passwd H /etc/group. 2) jhƱp, ²
    symbolic link NF. ], Aݭn hardlink /clients/etc/passwd 
    /etc/passwd, Ϊ̧Aw symbolic link , N /etc/passwd 
   s /clients/etc/passwd (ϹLӻ, oO]Ȥݨä
   A etc ؿ). ܩ /etc/group, k]@.

   3.3.2. إ߳@ȤݱMΪ etc ؿ

   @Ө, bȤݪ etc , ɮפj symbolic link  
   ؿ /server/etc. M, ɮHCxw骺t, өP, 
   ӦǥubJ֤߮ɤ~Ψ. ؿ etc , Aֻ̤ݭn, p
   U:
    resolv.conf
    hosts
    inittab
    rc.d/rc.S
    fstab

   JMo, bҦȤݳiHۦP, AiH⥦ 
   hardlink, Ϊ̦Aƻs@. L, rc.S P fstab , ̦nOC
   ӫȤݦUƻs@. AٻݭnCӫȤ, Uۤ@ etc/HOSTNAME. 
   ڭӤHOĳ, Ҧ rc.d , CӫȤݳnUۦ@, ]
   պAMwi੼۲.

   CӫȤ, A swap , [J fstab :
    /dev/swap_partition                 swap    swap    default  1 1

   Ȥݨl /etc , AiH hardlink ɮ /clients/etc/*, 
   ⥦ symbolic link  /server/etc (oO /clients/etc/ I).

   TwADॿT resolve, L׬OzL named ٬O etc/hosts. 
   b etc/hosts OA IP, Ӥʿ resolve, o覡. p
   Auʿ named  resolve, named XFӰD, NϧAȤݵLk
   }.

   3.4. }

   {b, Aӧ@NO, }, Qe, CƳ`B@ :-).

   4. إߧhȤ

   pGAwۧڪ, @o, oӫ² - cd  /clients, 
   J:
    cp -a hostname1 hostname2

   M, TwAˬdFoXI:

   rc.d/* ɲŦXnwպA
   etc/HOSTNAME T, fstab  swap 楿T, dev/mouse, dev/modem, 
   dev/cdrom oTӪ symbolic links T.

   AnB....

References

   1. http://www.hcs.co.il/oferm/
   2. mailto:oferm@hcs.co.il
   3. http://www.hcs.co.il/oferm/NFS-Root-Client/
   4. mailto:oferm@hcs.co.il
   5. mailto:gregh@sunsite.unc.edu
   6. mailto:oferm@hcs.co.il
   7. mailto:andreas@medman.ag.or.at
   8. mailto:mark026@ibm.net
