
                              kerneld mini-HOWTO
                                       
   1.7 AW Henrik Storner [1](storner@osiris.ping.dk) 1997 ~ 7
    19 (storner@osiris.ping.dk) sC
   
   Fd [2](a9504480@graduate.hku.hk)  1998 ~ 6  14 駹½ĶC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
ɨ

   pϥ Linux ֤ߤ kerneld \C|G
     * [3]kerneld O
     * [4]nΥ
     * [5]poһݪF
     * [6]p]w
     * [7]piD kerneld {ѪҲժ
     * [8]p󰻹 kerneld (]wɥi঳)
     * [9]kerneld SOγ~
     * [10]`DΩǨ
       
   󪺳̷sib
   [11]http://eolicom.olicom.dk/~storner/kerneld-mini-HOWTO.html C]
   ĶG媩hib [12]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/mini/Kerneld.html
   ^b mini-HOWTO XAAib
   [13]http://eolicom.olicom.dk/~storner/kern.html 쥼g´sM
   C
   
aA

   pGAo{󤤥X{~AЧiD峹@̡CHUUH糧@X
   ^mG
     * Bjorn Ekwall <bj0rn@blox.se>
     * Ben Galliart <bgallia@luc.edu>
     * Cedric Tefft <cedric@earthling.net>
     * Brian Miller <bmiller@netspace.net.au>
     * James C. Tsiao <jtsiao@madoka.jpl.nasa.gov>
       
   ګD`P¦ mini-HOWTO Ū̱Hڭ̪yMĳC
   
   ]ĶJMApGDXbĶ夤AгqFd
   <a9504480@graduate.hku.hk>^
     _________________________________________________________________
   
kerneld OH

   kerneld O [14]Bjorn Ekwall ޤJ 1.3 oi֤ (development
   kernel) \CibҦ 2.0  2.1 ֤ߧCOҲ
   (modules)wYXʵ{ (device drivers)BXʾ (network drivers)B
   ɮרt (filesystems)w۰ʦbݭnɸJAӤݦۦϥ modprobe 
   insmodC
   
   ٦󦳽쪺FAM̩|XзǪ֤ߤJ
     * i]wϥΤwťյeAAܨL{AϧAiۿù
       O@ (screen saver)C
     * MùO@ۦAAiDx (console) ͡nאּPF
       K
       
   kerneld ]AӿW߳G
     * ֤ߦVʱ{ (daemon) NһݼҲմXnD䴩C
     * XһݼҲըӺ֤߭nDϥΪ̼h (user-level) ʱ{C
       
   nϥ kerneldAӳn`B@Cu]wn䤤@ӬOSΪC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
nΥH

   ֦nzѥhϥ kerneldCo̴XOڭӤHwwLHi঳L
   zѡC
     * pGAnhӥuֳ\PtΡ]pϥΤPd^إ֤߮
       AAuݫإߤ@Ӯ֤ߩMƭӼҲաAӤݬCӨtΫإߤP֤ߡC
     * }oHӨAҲդeբwAݭsҰʹqHJΨUX
       ʵ{]oIAΩҦҲաAä kerneld J^C
     * ֤֮ߦΪOAYAhOѨL{ϥΡC֤ߩҦ
       OO *ä* QX (swap-out) AҥHpGA֤ߤ 100kB
       SΪXʵ{ܡAuObOAOC
     * @ǧڭnΪFAp ftape floppy-tape driver  iBCSAuHҲէ
       X{CioۤvJMU̡C
     * Linux o̤Aݭnإ 284 ӤP}vH (boot images) wϥ
       ̥uJtXwXʵ{CҦp RedHat 4.0 NϥΤFokC
       
   MAA]ϥΥzѢwAiwb@Ӯ֤߬MH (kernel image) 
   ]AҦAnXʵ{CpGOoˡAAݿ峹FC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
poһݪFH

    kerneld 䴩l 1.3.57 CpGAϥθªAAݭns~
   i kerneld FCҦDn Linux ftp x֤ߪ{XCګĳA
   s̷ܳsíw֤ߡA2.0AثeOOɵ (patch level) 2.0.29 ]Ķ
   G{ɤwO 2.0.35^G
  [15]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz
  [16]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/system/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz
  [17]ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz

   ϥΪ̼hʱ{]tb modules-1.2.8 Χs modules-2.0 C
   @|M֤߷{XbP@aIAөxm]AG
  [18]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz
  [19]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/sbin/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz
  [20]ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/tools/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz

   `NGpGAQb 2.1 }o֤߹ոJҲաAAγ̷s
   modutils-]O modules-^CЬ [21]HUҲթM 2.1 ֤߳
   DC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
p]wH

   noһݪFGXΪ֤߳γ̷s modules-utilitiesC
   Anw modules-utilitiesCQ²Guݧ{Xΰ make
   install. o˫K|sĶ genksysm, insmod, lsmod, modprobe, depmod,
   kerneldAΧ⥦̦w˨ /sbinCګĳA[ƦA}ROZ
   (startup-script) ӧҰʮɩһݪ]wCpGAϥ SlackwareAЧHU
   Ʀ[JA /etc/rc.d/rc.S ɡApGAϥ SysVinitAp Debian,
   RedHat, CalderaAЧHUƦ[JA /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ɡC]ĶG
   ڧکҪARedHat 5.0 SysVinitw[J\^G
        # Start kerneld - this should happen very early in the
        # boot process, certainly BEFORE you run fsck on filesystems
        # that might need to have disk drivers autoloaded
        if [ -x /sbin/kerneld ]
        then
                /sbin/kerneld
        fi

        # Your standard fsck commands go here
        # And you mount command to mount the root fs read-write

        # Update kernel-module dependencies file
        # Your root-fs MUST be mounted read-write by now
        if [ -x /sbin/depmod ]
        then
                /sbin/depmod -a
        fi

   Ĥ@Ұ kerneldC
   
   ĤG}lɰ 'depmod -a'Cdepmod إߩҦi쪺ҲժMΤR
   ̤ۨ̿઺pCҥHA|DJ@ӼҲիeO_ݭnJL
   ҲաC
   
   `NJ̷s kerneld i쵲 (link) GNU  dbm {w libgdbmC
   pGbsĶ module-utilities ɧ@FܡA䤣 libgdbm  kerneld K
   ҰʡCoܦi /usr bt@ӺϺФ (partition)AӥϦb
   (mount) /usr eҰ kerneld ɵo͡CĳѨMkO libgdbm q
   /usr/lib  /libARAs kerneld (link kerneld statically)C
   
   AAn֤ߪ{A]wΫإߤ@ӧAw֤ߡCpGAչL
   o˰AA\Ūb Linux {Xhؿ (top directory) 
   README ɡCb make config ]w֤߮ɡAAn`NƱbX{D
   G
  Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [Y/n/?] Y

   An loadable module supportA_hڥ|Ҳ kerneld JC
   YesC
  Kernel daemon support (CONFIG_KERNELD) [Y/n/?] Y

   MAo]OݭnAܦhF賣iإ߬ҲաCA|DG
  Normal floppy disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD) [M/n/y/?]

   Ai^ 'M' ӥNҲաCq`u}ɥXʵ{ApwоXʵ{
   AMڥؿɮרtεݫإߦb֤ߤCLҥiإ߬ҲաC
   
    'make config' A 'make dep', 'make clean', 'make zImage' 
   'make zlilo', 'make modules' M 'make modules_install'C
   
   \I
   
   'make zImage' |As֤߬M (kernel image) 
   arch/i386/boot/zImageCAn⥦AmҰʬMaΥ LILO w
   C
   
   Qoh]wAإߤΦwˮ֤߳ơAо\ŪwɶKW
   comp.os.linux.answers [22]Kernel-HOWTO AA]ib sunsite.unc.edu 
   /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO 쥦C]ĶG媩ib
   [23]http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Kernel-HOWTO.htmlC^
     _________________________________________________________________
   
ե kerneld

   {bAiηs֤߳}CbtαҰʫA 'ps -ax'AAӷ|
   kerneld @G
    PID TTY STAT  TIME COMMAND
     59  ?  S     0:01 /sbin/kerneld

   kerneld 䤤@ӦnBOunAһݪ֤ߤΦw˦nʱ{AAuݧ@ܤ
   ]wC{bAAiեΤ@ӫإߦҲժXʵ{whƷ|ݦA@]w
   ϥΡCڧnϺЪXʵ{إߦҲաAҥHکJ@u DOS ϺФ
  osiris:~ $ mdir a:
   Volume in drive A has no label
   Volume Serial Number is 2E2B-1102
   Directory for A:/

  binuti~1 gz       1942 02-14-1996  11:35a binutils-2.6.0.6-2.6.0.7.diff.gz
  libc-5~1 gz      24747 02-14-1996  11:35a libc-5.3.4-5.3.5.diff.gz
          2 file(s)        26689 bytes

   YOnϺЪXʵ{B@`wڹըϥγnϺЮɡAQ۰ʸJC
   
   nݨnϺЪҲկuQJAAi /sbin/lsmodA|CX{ɸJF
   ҲաC
  osiris:~ $ /sbin/lsmod
  Module:        #pages:  Used by:
  floppy            11    0 (autoclean)

   "(autoclean)" NpG@SΦҲաAN|Q kerneld ۰ʲC
   HA 11 O]44 kBA@ 4kB^u|bڨϥγnоɳQΡCp
   Gڤ@γnСA|QCpGAO餣ΡAoNӴΤFI
     _________________________________________________________________
   
kerneld p󪾹DӸJҲաH

   M kerneld `ΪҲզһ{ѡAɥ|pI֤ߴXn
   DCҦpоXʵ{κXʵ{iݭnWL@ӼҲժΡC
   
   kerneld q֤߳|HUnDG
     * [24]϶]Xʵ{ (a block-device driver)
     * [25]r]Xʵ{ (a character-device driver)
     * [26]G榡 (a binary format)
     * [27]tty suWh (a tty line discipline)
     * [28]ɮרt (a filesystem)
     * [29]] (a network device)
     * A (a network service)Ap rarp
     * [30]w (a network protocol)Ap IPX
       
   kerneld q[cɮ (configuration file) /etc/conf.modules o
   ҲջݭnJCo̦ءG| (paths)]Ҳɮתm^MN
   (aliases)]nJҲա^CpGAɡAAiΥHUkۤvsyG
  /sbin/modprobe -c | grep -v '^path' >/etc/conf.modules

   pGAQ[h@Ӹ|ww|AA]AҦ{|C]b
   /etc/conf.modules ̪@Ӹ|ط|N Ҧ modprobe m|I
   
   q`AOΦۤv[W|A]w]NvUҦ`]wC
   iOҡI
   
   t@譱ApGAuQ[JN (alias) Ϊ̿ﶵ (option directive)AAb
   /etc/conf.modules sط|[J modprobe ҪCpGAQAwq@
   NοܡAAb /etc/conf.modules ط|rw]ӡC
   
  ϶]
  
   pGA '/sbin/modprobe -c'AA|o@ kerneld wҲժW
   ̩ҹnDCҦpAɭPJnXʵ{nDODX (major
   number) O 2 ϶]ơC
  osiris:~ $ /sbin/modprobe -c | grep floppy
  alias block-major-2 floppy

   O block-major-2H]nг] /dev/fd* DX (major number)
   O 2 ASO϶]ơC
  osiris:~ $ ls -l /dev/fd0 /dev/fd1
  brw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       2,   0 Mar  3  1995 /dev/fd0
  brw-r--r--   1 root     root       2,   1 Mar  3  1995 /dev/fd1

  r]
  
   r]ƪkBz]thCҦp ftape floppy tape driver O
   major-device 27G
  osiris:~ $ ls -lL /dev/ftape
  crw-rw----   1 root     disk      27,   0 Jul 18  1994 /dev/ftape

    kerneld äD ftape Xʵ{A|b '/sbin/modprobe -c' 
   GX{C
   
   ҥHAn kerneld J ftape Xʵ{Aڭn[@ kerneld ]w
   /etc/conf.modules G
  alias char-major-27 ftape

  ]
  
   A]iHγ]ƪW٨ӥN 'char-major-xxx'  'block-major-yyy' ]
   wCo˹]Ƥר䦳ΡAҦp ne2000 dΧ@ eth0 iHyJ
   G
  alias eth0 ne

   pGAݭnǻ@ǿﶵAXʵ{AҦpiDҲճodϥΤ IRQ
   AAi[WpU@ 'options' G
  options ne irq=5

   o˷| kerneld ΥHUOӸJ NE2000 Xʵ{J
  /sbin/modprobe ne irq=5

   MAڤWҥΪﶵ|]ҥμҲզӦҤPC
   
  G榡
  
   G榡]HۦkBzCCAհ@Ӯ֤ߤJ{
   Akerneld K|@ "binfmt-xxx" nDA xxx O@ӥɮ׶}YƭӦr
   MwƦrC kerneld  ZMAGIC (a.out) ɸJ binfmt_aout Ҳ
   ]wOG
  alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout

   ] ZMAGIC ɪۼ (magic number) O 267C]pGAd /etc/magicAA
   | 0413 oӼƦrA /etc/magic ϥΤKi (octal numbers) 
   kerneld ϥΤQi (decimal)AӤKi쪺 413 YQiƪ 267C^ѩ
   a.out 榡@TڵyyPi (NMAGIC, QMAGIC and ZMAGIC)A
   n䴩 binfmt_aout Ҳէڭ̻ݭn
  alias binfmt-264 binfmt_aout  # pure executable (NMAGIC)
  alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout  # demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
  alias binfmt-204 binfmt_aout  # demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)

   kerneld i۰ʿ{ a.out, Java M iBCS G榡A𶷯SO]wC
   
  suWh (slip, cslip and ppp)
  
   suWh "tty-ldisc-x"ӧ@nDA x @O 1 (slip)  3 (ppp)
   Ckerneld {ѳoˡC
   
   _ pppApGAQ kerneld J bsd_comp YҲաAAݭn[
   /etc/conf.modules G
  alias tty-ldisc-3 bsd_comp
  alias ppp0 bsd_comp

  w (IPX, AppleTalk, AX.25)
  
   w]iHҲոJC֤߭nΨ@Ӻa (network family)]p
   IPX^ɡA|V kerneld @X@ "net-pf-X" nDA X O@ӥN
   ݮaڪƦrCҦp net-pf-3 O AX.25Anet-pf-4 O IPXA net-pf-5 O
   AppleTalkC]oǼƦrO linux { include/linux/socket.h 
   AF_AX25, AF_IPX wqӨӪC^Gn۰ʸJ IPX ҲաAAn[@
   HUب /etc/conf.modules G
  alias net-pf-4 ipx

   ]о\ŪHU}ɥX{󥼩wqw[31]`DC
   
  ɮרt
  
   ɮרtΪ kerneld nDNOɮרtΪW١C@ӱ`γ~Oи
   J isofs ҲաAҦp "iso9660" ɮרtΡG
  alias iso9660 isofs
     _________________________________________________________________
   
ݭnSO]w]

   ]ƤunϥΥNX (aliasing)A٭nL]wApҲժ] (a
   device to a module)C
     * DƽX 10 r]ơG[32]] (The miscellaneous devices)
     * [33]SCSI ]
     * [34]ݯSOl (initialization) ]
       
  char-major-10GƹBݪMH (Mice, watchdogs and randomness)
  
   jhƵw]ƳHDƽXAҦp ftape O char-major-27CpGAݬ
   b /dev DƽXO 10 r]ơAA|@@Ls]ơA]AG
     * UئU˪ƹ]bus mice, PS/2 mice^
     * ݪ] (watchdog devices)
     * ֤ߪ 'random' ]
     * APM  (Advanced Power Management interface)
       
   ܩAoǳ]ƬOѦhӤPҲձCҥHAo]ƪ kerneld
   ]wΨDXΰƸX (the major number and the minor number)G
        alias char-major-10-1 psaux     # For PS/2 mouse
        alias char-major-10-130 wdt     # For WDT watchdog

   nΨ즹SʡAAݭn@ 1.3.82 Τ᪺֤߳Cª֤ߤ|Ƹ
   Xǵ kerneldA]Akerneld Xһݭn]ơC
   
  J SCSI Xʵ{G scsi_hostadapter 
  
   SCSI ]ƥ]A@ SCSI td (SCSI host adapter, Ҧp Adaptec 1542)
   @өһݳ]ơ]pwо (hard disk)Bо (CD-ROM) κϱa
   (tape-drive)^Xʵ{CoiHҲըӸJCOAAQss
   Adaptec dоɡA֤ߩM kerneld uDݭnJ sr_mod ҲըӤ䴩
    SCSI оwDоs줰 SCSI  (SCSI
   controller)AҥHDJҲըӤ䴩оC
   
   nѨMoDAAi[@ӧA SCSI Xʵ{بA
   /etc/conf.modules AyHiD kerneld pbh SCSI Ҳդ
   G
        alias scd0 sr_mod               # sr_mod for SCSI CD-ROM's ...
        alias scsi_hostadapter aha1542  # ... need the Adaptec driver

   ouAΩ 1.3.82 Τ᪺֤ߡC
   
   okuAuΤ@ SCSI ɾAΡCpGAWL@ӡA״N@I
   C
   
   @ӻApGwgJF@ӰtAAAs kerneld Jt@ӡCAi
   ӳsĶ֤ߤ]μҲա^AΦۤvҲոJC
   
   ƹWA@Ӥki kerneld Jh SCSI Xʵ{CJames Tsiao H
   UĳG
  unAˤإ modules.dep ʿ (dependency)AAiܻ
  o kerneld JĤG SCSI Xʵ{CAuݤ@ءG

     /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/st.o: /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/aha1542.o

  Ө kerneld bJ st.o eJ aha1542.oCڮaqNϥ
  FXGۦP]wAکҦG SCSI ] (secondary scsi devices)A
  ]AϱaBоML@몺 SCSI ]ƳSDCIO
  'depmod -a' ۰ʬdXoǭʿAҥHAnۤv[JoǡAӥB
  ib}ɰ 'depmod -a'Cun]wnFAkerneld N۰ʸJ
  aha1542.oC

   AnDoަҥuAP SCSI ]Ʊbӱɤ~ΡA
   pAwлb䤤@ӡAӧоBϱaΨL SCSI t@ӡC
   
  nJWL@ӼҲծɡGpost-install
  
   ɡAuҲոJHϳ]ƹB@CҦpApGA⭵ĥdsĶҲաAA
   ]|ƱվܾAqCDDA]wbUJɫK|hCo̬O
   Ben Galliart (bgallia@luc.edu) ѪZG
  ̲תѨMkݭnw setmix-0.1
   ( ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/mixers/setmix-0.1.tar.gz )

  HU@[ڪ /etc/conf.modulesG
       post-install sound /usr/local/bin/setmix -f /etc/volume.conf

   oˡAĪҲոJAkerneld | 'post-install sound' ت
   OC]ӼҲշ|Q '/usr/local/bin/setmix -f /etc/volume.conf O]w
   nC
   
   okLҲդ]ΡAҦp lp ҲեiyHU@y tunelp {]wnG
        post-install lp tunelp <options>

   u 1.3.69f Τ᪺ kerneld ~䴩oǿﶵC
   
   `N: G mini-HOWTO ªΤ@ "pre-remove" ﶵAAib
   kerneld U@ӼҲծɰ@ӫOCoq\A]äyϥΡCo
   ӿﶵhƷ|bӪ kerneld CҦҲ "]w" Ʊb
   ܤAbAݨoɡAiwҤPFC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
 kerneld

   pGAkwչLA䤣X֤ߦbnb kerneld AAiΤ@
   kX kerneld 줰nDAqӪDӥ[ /etc/conf.modulesCA
   ݭn kdstat {C
   
   oӦnΪ{w]Ab modules-package AwwO|sĶΦw˪CA
   iΥHUkإߥG
  cd /usr/src/modules-2.0.0/kerneld
  make kdstat

   An kerneld ܥbA
  kdstat debug

   kerneld K|}lbDxLXu@ơCAһݪOɡAA|
    kerneld 쪺nDCoǭnDi /etc/conf.modules A[Wһݼ
   ժOW (alias)AKiϤu@C
   
   nɡA '/sbin/kdstat nodebug'C
     _________________________________________________________________
   
kerneld Sγ~

   ڪDAQݦp]wùO@{ (screensaver) ҲաK
   
   modules-package  'kerneld/GOODIES' ؿ@ǩMùO@{ΥDx
   n䴩֤߭׸ (kernel patches)C̩|bx誺֤ߥX{CҥH
   AnۦץέssĶ֤ߡC
   
   nw˭׸ɡAAn "patch" OG
  cd /usr/src/linux
  patch -s -p1 </usr/src/modules-2.0.0/kerneld/GOODIES/blanker_patch

   ᭫ئw˷s֤ߡC
   
   ùO@{ҰʮɡAkerneld | "/sbin/screenblanker" OCoiH
   O@ӰAwùO@{ROZ (shell script)C
   
   b֤߷QøùɡA|eX@ SIGQUIT T쥿
   /sbin/screenblanker { (process)CAROZοùO@{n
   (trap) oTεCOۤ٭nù٭쥻rҦ (text
   mode)C
     _________________________________________________________________
   
`DΧAihêƱ

  ڰ ifconfig ɬڷ|o "Cannot locate module for net-pf-X" T
  
   b֤ 1.3.80 kA{קܮe\qDw (protocol familiesA
   p IPX, AX.25 M AppleTalk) JҲաCoɭPB~ kerneld nD
   Gnet-pf-XAX O@ӥΥHOqTwƦr]Ѭ
   /usr/src/linux/include/linux/socket.h ӧXPƦrN^C
   aAifconfig |N~ayoǰTAҥHܦhH|b}
   ifconfig ӳ]wjk] (loopback device) ɦCoǰTõLaBAA
   ib /etc/conf.modules [JHUƦקK̡G
        alias net-pf-3 off      # Forget AX.25
        alias net-pf-4 off      # Forget IPX
        alias net-pf-5 off      # Forget AppleTalk

   MApGA IPX sĶFҲաAAi[WM@C
   
  }l Kerneld AҰ PPP su|ϧڪqCp
  
   wghӳoӮסCoGO] kerneld MtΥΨӳ]wMʹ PPP
   su tkPPP script `aۼvQҭPC] script b
   ifconfig ɦnΨj (loops)Co˷|Ĳo kerneld M net-pf-X Ҳ
   ]e^AW[tΤu@qMiɭPtά (system log) X{jq
   "Cannot locate module for net-pf-X" TCFϥ tkPPP ΧΨL
   kӺʹsuAoDLѨMkC
   
  kerneld Jڪ SCSI Xʵ{I
  
   bA /etc/conf.modules [W@ SCSI tءCԱoݤe
   [35]scsi_hostadapter C
   
  modprobe D 'gcc2_compiled' wq (undefined)
  
   oO module-utilities @ӿ~Cubϥ binutils 2.6.0.9 Χs
   ɥX{AӥBwb binutils X (release note) CҥHA
   ӬݬݥCA]is module-utilitiesAp modules-2.0.0 ӸѨMoDC
   
  ڪTXʵ{ (sound driver) ѬOѰOq]w
  
   ҲոJ᪺]wOxsbҲդCҥHA kerneld ۰ʨUҲծɡAA
   Ұ]w|QѱAUJɤS^_쪬C
   
   Ai kerneld b۰ʸJҲի@ӵ{AH@X]wCаѬ[36]HW
    'post-install' تC
   
  DOSEMU ݭn@ǼҲաAګ˨ kerneld J̡H
  
   AC׬Ox (official) ζ}o (development)  dosemuA
    kerneld J dosemu ҲաCLApGA 2.0.26 Χs֤ߡAA
   Aݭn dosemu Ҳ -- Auݭns dosemu  0.66.1 C]ĶJ
   e̷s DOSEMU íw (stable version) O 0.66.7C^
   
  | "Ouch, kerneld timed out, message failed" oTH
  
   ֤߹ kerneld @XnDɡA|b 1 o
   (acknowledgement)CpG kerneld @X^AoӰT|QOU
   (logged)ConD|AQXA짹C
   
   oq`btέt (load) D`ɵo͡C] kerneld ]O@ӨϥΪ̦{
   (user-process)A|pL{ǯƵ{ (scheduling)CtɡAiӤ
   Φb֤߶W (time out) e@X^C
   
   pGoDbtCɤ]o͡AЦAҰ kerneld ] kerneld {AH
   /usr/sbin/kerneldOӭs}l^CpGDAAӱH@~i
   [37]linux-kernel@vger.rutgers.eduAbHXeХTOA֤ߩM
   kerneld O̷sC
   
  mount  kerneld JɮרtμҲ
  
   wg@wƥئ mount (8) O kerneld JɮרtμҲժ
   iC ismod ܼҲդwQJApGAߨA mount ܫK|\Co
   GO module-utilities 1.3.69f @ӷ|vT Debian ϥΪ̪~Aϥ
   @ӷs module-utilities iѨMoDC
   
  kerneld J ncpfs Ҳ
  
   AsĶ ncpfs utilities ɭn -DHAVE_KERNELDCаѾ\ ncpfs  Makefile
   C
   
  kerneld J smbfs Ҳ
  
   AbϥΤ@ª smbmount utilitiesCбq
   [38]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/filesystems/smbfs/ U̷s
   (0.10 Τ)C
   
  ڧҦF賣sĶҲաA{bڪtΤҰ
  
  kerneld Jɮרt (root filesystem) ҲաC
  
   AiҦF賣sĶҲաJ֤߭nXʵ{Hϥ౾W
   (mount) ɮרtΡAMҦnΩҰ kerneld {CҥHAH
   UFҲդơJ
     * ɮרtΩҦbwЪXʵ{
     * ɮרtΪXʵ{
     * init, kerneldML{G榡J{ (binary format loader)
       
   [ƹWAoäTCs 1.3.x ΩҦ 2.0.x ֤߳e\ LILO 
   LOADLIN Jl ram-diskAӧAiHbҰʪboyϺСzJҲ
   Ckib֤߭{X Documentation/initrd.txt ɤiC]
   
  kerneld bҰʮɸJ -- D libgdbm
  
   s kerneld n GNU dbm {w libgdbm.so ~Cjhƪw˵{
   |oɮשb /usr/libAӧAhƬObW /usr ɮרtΫeF
   kerneldCoD䤤@ӯgO kerneld bҰʮɤy rc-scripts J
   ApGAbҰʨtΫۤv}lAKSDCѨMkA@O
   kerneld ҰʩbW /usr At@O gdbm {wAɮרt
   Ap /libC
   
  ڭs]w֤ߦܨS xxx 䴩X{ "Cannot load module xxx"
  
   Slackware]L]i^|bwˮy modprobe ӫإߤ@ӹw]
   /etc/rc.d/rc.modulesCmodprode oXӪG|]쥻֤ߪ]wӲCA
   ibs]wɱưF@Ǧb rc.modules ҲաA]y~CAiA
   b rc.modules ΪҲܬ` (comment out)AΧR rc.modulesA
   kerneld bݭnҲծɦۦJC
   
  ڭsإߤF֤ߤμҲաAbҰʮɤX{몺Ÿ (unresolved symbol) T
  
   Aib]wΫإ߷s֤߮ɱưF@ǼҲաAwΪ¼Ҳդb
   /lib/modules ؿUC²檺ѨMkORA /lib/modules/x.y.z ؿ
   Φb֤ߪ{XؿU@ 'make modules_install'CoDubs
   ]wP@֤߮ɵo͡CpGAbs֤߮ɹJ즹DAALDC
   
  ڦwˤF Linux 2.1 ᤣJҲ
  
   Linux 2.1 Oثe}o֤ (development kernel)C]NOAHɥiX
   {~C䤤@ˤjTܪOҲժBzkAή֤ߩMҲոJ줰a
   CRichard Henderson {td֤ߪҲյoiC
   
   `@yApGAQb 2.1 ֤ߨϥμҲաAAnJ
     * \Ū Documentation/Changes ɮפΧXsAtΩһݪҲ
     * ϥγ̷s modutilsAiqHUao
       [39]ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/alphabits/ 
       b[40]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/alphabits/ M
       (mirror site)
       
   pGAQb 2.1 ֤ߨϥμҲժܡAڷ|ĳ̤֨ϥ 2.1.29 ֤ߡC
   
  ۿＷ (dial-on-demand) SˡH
  
   kerneld 靈ݭnɫإߺsu쥻Ǥ䴩CզbSsuɶǰeT]
   (packet) | kerneld  /sbin/request_route ROZӫإ PPP 
   SLIP suC
   
   oäO@ӦnkCLinux oiH Alan Cox b Linux ֤ߪqH׾
   (Mailing List) J
  |nD (request-route) FOLɡBεLΪ [...]Awb
  2.1.x {XC

   ڸۤ߫ĳAq http://www.dna.lth.se/~erics/diald.html  Eric Schenk
    [41]diald M˳nӦwˡAӤnϥθ|nD kerneldC
     _________________________________________________________________
   
vT

   This document is Copyright (c) Henrik Storner, 1996, 1997.
   
   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.
   
   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
   any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
   HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
   
   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTOs.
   
   If you have questions, please contact Tim Bynum, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu via email.

References

   1. mailto:storner@osiris.ping.dk
   2. mailto:a9504480@graduate.hku.hk
   3. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Introduction
   4. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Why
   5. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Where
   6. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Setup
   7. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Configuration
   8. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Spying
   9. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#Goodies
  10. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#CommonProblems
  11. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/kerneld-mini-HOWTO.html
  12. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/mini/Kerneld.html
  13. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/kern.html
  14. mailto:bj0rn@blox.se
  15. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0
  16. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/system/v2.0
  17. ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v2.0
  18. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz
  19. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/sbin/
  20. ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/tools/
  21. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#2-1-problems
  22. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html
  23. http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Kernel-HOWTO.html
  24. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#blockdev
  25. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#chardev
  26. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#binfmt
  27. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#ldisc
  28. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#fs
  29. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#eth0
  30. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#net-pf
  31. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#CommonProblems
  32. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#miscdevs
  33. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#scsidevs
  34. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#pre_post
  35. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#scsidevs
  36. file://localhost/tmp/howto-chinese-200103-root/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/translations/zh/mini/Kerneld.html#pre_post
  37. mailto:linux-kernel@vger.rutgers.edu
  38. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/filesystems/smbfs/
  39. ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/alphabits/
  40. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/alphabits/
  41. http://www.dna.lth.se/~erics/diald.html
