
                               DNS HOWTO Ķ
                                       
@: Nicolai Langfeldt [1]janl@math.uio.no
Ķ: [2]Asd L. Chen & [3]C.W.Huang

   v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 ½Ķ: 8 January 1998
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   p󦨬@Ӻ¾p DNS ޲z̡D
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. e

     * 1.1 vŧi
     * 1.2 P»PDU
     * 1.3 Dm
       
2. ²

3. ȦsMΦW٦A

     * 3.1 _l named
       
4. @²檺

     * 4.1 Ӥ@I²z
     * 4.2 ڭ̦ۤv
     * 4.3 ~`J
       
5. u쪺Ҥl

     * 5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)
     * 5.2 /var/named/root.cache
     * 5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0
     * 5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com
     * 5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177
       
6. @u@

7. Bind version 8

8. su۰ʳ]w

9. `Dѵ

10. p󦨬@Ӥj DNS ޲z
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. e

   r: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name,
   hosts, resolving
   
1.1 vŧi

   (C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending
   copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.
   S׭qv̽ФŭקAiۥѴGOdvTD
   
1.2 P»PDU

   ڭnVLƦ\Ūo󪺯Zôѳ\hΫĳ Arnt Gulbrandsen 
   FP¤ND ڤ]nP¨ǱNĳHڪHD
   
   oNû|@ѡAЧADHΦ\gHڡA oi
   Hϥ@nDҥHЧAץH/άODH
   [4]janl@ifi.uio.noD pGAHHڨçƱo^Ъ{򥻪§ATw
   ^Ha}OTӥBiHB@D ٦AgHګeХ\Ū [5]FAQ @`D
   
   pGAQ½Ķog HOWTO лPpAo˧ڤ~Dڪ峹Qܦػy
   :-).
   
1.3 Dm

   ԥHom Anne Line Norheim LangfeldtDMoiû|
   \ŪoA]oOokġD
   
2. ²

   oOHγoO
   
   ADNS NOW٨t(Domain Name System)D RWWhHαN
   oǦWഫ IP ƦrnD o HOWTO 󻡩Fp Linux wqo
   ˪D OoƪpôAW١A ftp.linux.orgA H
    IP ƦrAO 199.249.150.4D
   
   DNSAs(AF)ӨAO޲zta褧@D o
   N|յXƱM@IDyzp]ߤ@²檺 DNS W٦A
   D }lȦsM(caching only)AAMO@]ߥD
   n(primary)W٦AD ܩ]wAiHѦҳo [6]FAQ @
   `D λANo\ŪuD ڱN|b [7]̫@ ^LYӻo
   ҿׯu]tǡD
   
   bAiH}liou@eAӭntmnAHKiHqñJ
   HΥѥ䥦@ñJA åBϩҦUعsuন\ai
   AרAӭn 127.0.0.1 i滷ñJåBiJAۤvox(
   {bNո!)D PɧA]ݭn@B@}n /etc/host.conf,
   /etc/resolv.conf H /etc/hosts ɮק@}lD ]ڱN|bo̸
   ̪\DpGA٨SҦoǳ]wèϨB@ the
   networking/NET-2 HOWTO |p]ߥ̡D\ŪD
   
   pGAϥ SLIP Ϊ̬O PPP AonB@DYO٤B@ܾ\
   Ū [8]PPP HOWTOD
   
   ڻAɧڪNOAnզbW] DNS xD 
   OibAҸ̪䥦D
   
   ڰ]AäOB|êW٬dߪ᭱DpGAOAN|
   nSO]wA Ѩ [9]FAQ @`D
   
   b Unix WW٪AȬOǥѤ@٬ named {Ӱ檺D oOݩ
   bind M󪺤@AoӮMO Paul Vixie ںn鶰(Internet
   Software Consortium)ҨյoiD j Linux oM󳣥]t
   namedAӥBq`w˩ /usr/sbin/namedD pGAtΦ named Aj
   iHϥΥFpGSܨAiHqY Linux ftp ^@Gi
   ɡAάOq [10]ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/ ؿ̨o̷s̴
   l{XD O bind version 4 DpGAw version 8 A
   nۤvQkDyᦳ@`i|AUD
   
   DNS OӥHӺd(net-wide)ƮwDnpߧAi̭ơD p
   GAǼoihAAAHΨ䥦HN|qXǼoD OA DNS 
   @PANqo}nAȡD ǲߥhϥΥA޲zAld~
   AN|Ot@ӫOK]޲zӮĲvCn޲z̡D
   
   bo̧_MaԭzXäOuꪺƱ(M̦ܤ֦@bOu
   )D oOF²ơDpGA۫HکһoǤjNB@D
   
   nZ: pGAwg֦ڭnAhܪɮסAҦoɮ׳nƥA
   oˤ@ӦpGgoǧܤSF|ʪܧAiH^_AªAiHB
   @ΡD
   
3. ȦsMΦW٦A

   DNS tmعաAＷϥΪ̫D`ΡD
   
   @xȦsMΦW٦AN|W٬dߧXרåBbU@AݭnӦW
   ɭ԰OoסD
   
   Aݭn@Ӻ٬ /etc/named.boot ɮסD named Ұʮɷ|Ūo
   סD ثeӳ¦a]t:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;  Boot file for nicolais caching name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type          domain                          source file or host
cache           .                               root.cache
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            pz/127.0.0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   D`n: bo󪺬YǪoɮתoC|bĤ@ӫDťզre
   ]t@ǪŮ tab D oǤӥX{bɮפDpGAqo HOWTO ŶK
   UӡAOoReťաD
   
   `directory' o@iD named ̥hMɮסDҦRWɮ׳NO
   ۹󦹥ؿD ھ Linux ɮרtμзǥTؿӬOb /var/namedD
   ] pz O /var/named UA]NOA/var/named/pzD
   
   ٬ /var/named/root.cache oɮ׬ObRWD o
   /var/named/root.cache ӥ]t:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
 .       518400  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.33.4.12
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   OڻLnhťզr!
   
   oɮ״yzFboӥ@ɤWڦW٦ADo|HɶӧܨåB[H
   @D pOHɧsаѨ [11]@gD b named uWϥΤU
   ̦oɮתyzAOoAHڬݨӡA̾AXǤwgF named H̡D
   
   b named.boot ̪U@O primary o@D ڱN|by᪺`̸
   ΪkAثeun⥦]b pz lؿU@Ӻ٬ 127.0.0 ɮ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   UӡAAݭn@ݰ_ӹo˪ /etc/resolv.conf ɮ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
nameserver 127.0.0.1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   `search' o@XAQsDWӷjMD
   `nameserver' o@XAiHbӦ}W@xW٦AA b
   oӨҤlOAۤvoxA]AbW namedD pGAQCXn
   XӦW٦A⥦̳b@ `nameserver' ̡AΪŮj}D (`N:
   named qŪoɮסAӬOϥ named Wٸѵ|ŪD)
   
   ӻ@Uoɮצ@: pGYӫȤݹխnM foo ܡA 
   ժO foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu oӦW١A MᱵUӬO
   foo.your-fomain.edu oӦW١A̫hO foo oӦW١D pGYӫȤ
   խnM sunsite.unc.edu ܡA ժO
   sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu oӦW(SAu! L
   NOo)A MᱵUӬO sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu oӦW١A
   h|O sunsite.unc.edu oӦW١D Aiण|QӦh search 
   ̥hAjM̷|hɶD
   
   oӽdҰ]Aݩ subdomain.your-domain.edu oӻA AA
   i|٬ your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.eduD b search o̤
   ӥ]tA TLD (h Top Level DomainAboӨҤlO edu oӻ
   )D pGAg`ݭnsubt~@ӻ̪DAAiHӻ칳o
   ˦a[i search o:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ̦Dܩ㪺OAoJuꪺW٨ӨNoǦW١DЪ`Nb
   W٪̫᭱èSy '.'D
   
   UӡAھڧA libc Pݭnץ /etc/nsswitch.conf Ϊ̬O
   /etc/host.conf ɮסD
   
   /etc/nsswitch.conf
   
   oO@ӫܪɮסAXBhoUؤPƫAAqɮש
   OƮwoD ݸg`|]t@ǦΪѡDXH `hosts:' @}
   Y@AӬOo:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
hosts:      files dns
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   pGɮ׸̨SH `hosts:' @}Y樺Wo@[WhD O{
   ӥb /etc/hosts ɮ׸̧MAMھ resolv.conf ߰ DNSD
   
   /etc/host.conf
   
   i]tƦA䤤Ӧ@H order @}lӥBݰ_ӷ|o:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
order hosts,bind
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   pGɮ׸̨S `order' o@檺ܨAӶK@WhD iDDW
   ѪR禡b /etc/hosts ̧MAMdݦW٦A (b resolv.conf ̧A
   b 127.0.0.1 oӦa)D bj Linux oM󤤳̫oɮת
   b resolv(8) uWϥΤU( `man 8 resolv' Yi)D ouW
   UıoiݡAӥBCӤHASOO DNS ޲z̡Aӭn\ŪD {bN
   ApGAAۤv"ڵyN|h"AANû|h񥦡D
   
3.1 _l named

   oǥNiH_l named FDpGAϥμsuܨХsW
   D J `ndc start' åBU RETURN ASﶵD pG檺ܨ
   յۨϥ `/usr/sbin/ndc start' ӨND A檺ܽаѦ [12]FAQ @`D
   {bAiHէA]wDAb_l named ɭԦpGA[@U (ϥ
   tail -f /var/adm/messages O)tΰOTɮ (q`O٬
   /var/adm/messages ɮסA]ib /var/log UAάOs syslog 
   ) Aӷ|ݨ˪@ǪF:
   
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting.  named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:0
3 MET DST 1996   janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0)
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (s
erial 1)

   pG~TNOӿ~o͡A named N|W~
   (ڷQO named.boot H root.cache 䤤@:-)D  named {Ǩæ^
   YˬdɮסD
   
   {biH nslookup ˬd@UAu@:
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

>

   pGoOAұo쪺^򥦤wgB@Dڭ̧ƱOoˡDo䥦
   ^Ц^YˬdC@ơD C@A named.boot ɮפAoϥ
   ndc restart oӫOs_l named {D
   
   {bAiHJdߡDէMYǾaADpat.uio.no ڤAb
   Oslo jǸ:
   
> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.2.50

   {b nslookup nDA named M pat.uio.no oxD Mᥦ(named)p
   ôbA root.cache ɮ׸̩ҫWW٦A䤤@xA åBq̬dݥ
   Ӧp~UhDbAoGeioO@IɶA ]jMAb
   /etc/resolv.conf ̫WҦD
   
   pGAAդ@ܨAN|o:
   
> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.2.50

   `No^ڭ̩ұo쪺 `Non-authoritative answer:' o@D oN named
   å~hdݡAӥNObȦsϸ̧MåBb̧쵪
   סD OȦsTi|LɡDҥHǥ `Non-authorative answer:' 
   |Ao(ܻL)MIʦsbD  nslookup oOAĤGdݬYxD
   ɡAoO named ȦsӶTåB`B@@ӰTD AiHϥ
   `exit' O} nslookup {D
   
   pGAOӼ(ppp, slip) ϥΪ̽о\Ū [13]suM`A̭@ǵA
   ĳD
   
   {bADp]ߤ@ӯȦs named tΡDӪMsAAάOA
   wFӼyaD
   
4. @²檺

   pإߧAۤv
   
4.1 Ӥ@I²z

   bڭ̯u}lio@`HeڱN|ѧA@ DNS pB@zסD
   ӧAӾ\Ū]oAqDpGAQnܤ֧A]oܧ֦aŪ
   @UD Aݨөi named.boot ɮ׸̥heɦAoزŪ覡D
   
   DNS O@ӶhtΡD䳻ݼg@ `.' Өo `root' D b . U
   Xӳh(TLDs)A̪WO ORG, COM, EDU H NET oXӡAO٦
   hD
   
   bM@xWٮɬd߷|Hjkqݶ}lD AQnX
   prep.ai.mit.edu }ɧAW٦Atd edu @xW٦A
   D oӰD|hd root.cache ɮסA . A|@ edu A
   CD
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

   }ldݬYxڦAD
   
> server c.root-servers.net.
Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

   ]wd߫A NS (W٦AO name server records)D
   
> set q=ns

   d edu. ơD
   
> edu.

    . bo̫D`nAiDӦAڭ̩Ҭdݪ edu Ob . U
   @ӡA oyYpjMdD
   
edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

   oiDڭ *.root-servers.net A edu. AҥHڭ̥iHǦ~d
   c AD {bڭ̷QnDO֭tdU@h mit.edu. W:
   
> mit.edu.
Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

Non-authoritative answer:
mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu

Authoritative answers can be found from:
STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151
W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3

   steawb, w20ns H bitsy td mit Aܨ䤤@ӨåBd
   ai.mit.edu:
   
> server W20NS.mit.edu.

   DW٤jpgAOڨϥηƹӰŶKҥHoǸƬOùD
   
Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

> ai.mit.edu.
Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

Non-authoritative answer:
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU

Authoritative answers can be found from:
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.32.13
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.35.13
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.37.5
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.4
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.32.7
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.39.7

   ҥH weaties.ai.mit.edu O ai.mit.edu @xW٦A:
   
> server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU.
Default Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

   {bڧܬdߪAAڭ̤wgӦW٦AҥH{bڭ̱Nn߰
   wheaties  prep.ai.mit.edu ҪDƱD
   
> set q=any
> prep.ai.mit.edu.
Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
prep.ai.mit.edu
        inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
         #21 #23 #25 #79
prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu
prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.35.13
wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.13
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.36.4
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.4
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.32.11
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36

   ҥHڭ̱q . }lsXbWٸ̪U@hW٦AD pGAϥΧA
   ۤv DNS AӤOҦoǭӨ䥦AA A named M|Ȧs
   oǦbAMoӵ׮ɩҧ쪺TA ӥBb@qɶAd
   D
   
   @Ӥ_ӫܤֳQפΡAOP˭nO in-addr.arpa D]
   `@ˬO_D in-addr.arpa ڭ̥iHb֦D}ɭԱo
   ӥDW١D bo̦󭫭nƱn`NOb in-addr.arpa oӻ
    ip ƦrOHϦVǮѼgD pGAYx}: 192.128.52.43 
    named |H prep.ai.mit.edu oӽdҪ覡ӳBz: X arpa. 
   AAX in-addr.arpa. AAMAX 192.in-addr.arpa. A
   A X 128.192.in-addr.arpa. AAۧX
   52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. AA ̫AXһݤ
   43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ODoG? (O)D Y~oϦV
   Ʀr]ް_L@ǧxZD
   
   ڬOFADDNS ëDaڧiDAo˹B@DOowg
   񪺤FD
   
4.2 ڭ̦ۤv

   {bөwqڭ̦ۤvDڭ̱N|гyX linux.bogus oӻåBwq
   D ڨϥΤ@ӧOXӪW٥HKTwڭ̤|Zè
   W䥦aD
   
   ڭ̦NwgH named.boot ̪o@}lFoӳ]w:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            pz/127.0.0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Ъ`Nboɮ׸̪WٵèS[W `.' ŸD Ĥ@wq
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ɮשRW pz/127.0.0D ڭ̦wgإߤFoɮ
   AOo˪:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Ъ`Nboɮ׸̩ҦWٵ `.' ŸAoPW쪺
   named.boot ɮקΦD ǤHwH $ORIGIN OҩlCӰϰɮסA
   oOnD @ӰϰɮתI(NOݪ DNS h[cm)Ob
   named.boot ɮת졦̫wA boӨҤl̬O
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpaD
   
   oӡϰɮס]tTء귽O(resource records, RRs): @ӬO
   SOA 귽OD@ӬO NS 귽OHΤ@ PTR OD SOA Ov_
   l(Start Of Authority)YgD`@' OӷN䬰ISаOA Ӧ]o
   ɮת졦满O 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ҥHĤ@ڤWO
   
  0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN      SOA ...

   NS OW٦A귽OAiD DNS Ooӻ
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa W٦AA]NO ns.linux.bogus. ӳ̫᪺ PTR
   O 1 (O 1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, ]NO 127.0.0.1)W٬O
   localhostD
   
   SOA oӰOOҦϰɮתǤAӥBbC@Ӱϰɮ׸̳Ӧoߤ@
   @ӡA̶}YOD yzӰϰAqӨ(@x٬ linux.bogus 
   )A֭td䤺e(hostmaster@linux.bogus)A oӰϰɮ׬O
   (serial: 1)AHΨ䥦AȦsPnW٦AơD ѤU
   p refresh, retry, expire H minimum AiHϥγo̩ҥΪ
   rӥBӤ|XDD
   
   {bs_lA named(ϥ ndc restart O)èϥ nslookup ڭ
   F:
   
$ nslookup

Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> 127.0.0.1
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

   ҥH޲zq 127.0.0.1 o localhost L{AܦnD {b}lڭ̪Dn
   ȡAlinux.bogus oӻA b named.boot  Js@ primary 
   O:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
primary               linux.bogus                     pz/linux.bogus
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   `NAb named.boot ɮ׸̻W٪٬OS '.' ŸD
   
   bo linux.bogus ϰɮ׸̧ڭ̱N|J@ǧ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@       IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199511301       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        28800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        3600000         ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds
                NS      ns.linux.bogus.
                NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                MX      10 mail.linux.bogus   ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1
ns              A       127.0.0.2
mail            A       127.0.0.4
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    SOA Oƻݭn`ND ns.linux.bogus  O@x㦳 A O
   uD b SOA O CNAME OW٪OXkDW
   r@wnO nsAiHOXkDW١D A
   Ahostmaster.linux.bogus ӳQ hostmaster@linux.bogusAoӬO@
   Ӷl}ΧOWA O@o DNS Hg`ŪH}D󦹻쪺
   H|QeoӦ}D Wr@wnO hostmasterAiHOXk
   qll}AMӳoӦ} `hostmaster' ӯu@`D
   
   boɮ׸̦@طs귽OAAY MX AAάOl洫̸귽O
   (Mail eXchanger RR)D oظ귽OAiDltΦa}
   someone@linux.bogus lnHe̡A yܻ]NOӱHe
   mail.linux.bogus άO mail.friend.bogusD bCӾW٫eƦrO
   MX 귽OuvAƦrC (10) 귽OOlDnӱH
   D pGѥiH⥦HƦrA@xnlBz̡A]NOb
   ǫ㦳uv 20  mail.friend.bogusD
   
    ndc restart s_l namedDH nslookup 絲G:
   
$ nslookup
> set q=any
> linux.bogus
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

linux.bogus
        origin = linux.bogus
        mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
        serial = 199511301
        refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
        retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
        expire  = 604800 (7 days)
        minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2
mail.linux.bogus        internet address = 127.0.0.4

   pߦaAN|o{@ӿ~Do@
   
  linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogu
s

   FDӬO
   
  linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

   ڬGNǤFӿ~ҥHAiHǦǲ:-) JӬݬݸӰϰɮקڭ̷|o{o@
   
   
@              MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

   |F@ӥyIDάOhF `linux.bogus'D bϰɮ׸̦pG@ӾW
   ٤OHyI|b䵲[JIDҥH׬O
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@              MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.    ; Primary Mail Exchanger
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   άO
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@              MX      10 mail                 ; Primary Mail Exchanger
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   OTDڤw᭱oاΦAݭnr֡D b@Ӱϰɮ
   ̻WӭnNOgXӨåH `.' Ϊ̴NO@In]tihA
   ӦboرpUw]ID䥦H]\wĥΥt@ؤ覡D
   
   ڥjժOb named.boot ɮ׸̻W٫᭱Ӧ `.' sbD A
   Dh֦]hFΤ֤F@ `.' ӷd{FåB\hHyxZD
   
   ҥHb[JڱjժIo@sϰɮסA䤤٥]t@B~
   T:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@       IN      SOA     linux.bogus.    hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199511301       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        28800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        604800          ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds

                NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                MX      10 mail         ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1
ns              A       127.0.0.2
mail            A       127.0.0.4
;
; Extras
;
@               TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"

ns              MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
                TXT     "RMS"
richard         CNAME   ns
www             CNAME   ns

donald          A       127.0.0.3
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "i486"  "Linux 1.2"
                TXT     "DEK"

mail            MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"

ftp             A       127.0.0.5
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   A]\|QnʫeT A OHK̾a䥦OAӤOo
   ˩b̫eݡD
   
   o̦Xӷs귽O: DT(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) ]Aӳ
   A ϥΤ޸[ACӳOӦnߺDDĤ@ӳOWwάOBz
   椸A ӲĤGӳOWnάO@~tΡDns @ Pentium CPU 
   B Linux 1.2 tΡD TXT OOHNrOAAiHΥӰO
   ƱD W(CNAME: Canonical NAME)iHΨӵCxƭӦW١D 
   H richard H www O ns @ӧOWD ܭn@IO A, MX, CNAME,
   H SOA OûӰѷ CNAME O]wOWA ̥uӰѷ A O
   ҳ]wW١AҥHo˪OO
     _________________________________________________________________
   
foobar  CNAME   richard                 ; NO!
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   LoˬO諸
     _________________________________________________________________
   
foobar  CNAME   ns                      ; Yes!
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ٦@I]ܭnO`NW٩ҳ]wqll}ӨOXkD
   W: webmaster@www.linux.bogus HW]wӨO@ӤXkqll
   }D YϥbAtΤWiHB@AiHwƪOܤ֦qll޲z̷|h
   oWhD קKoӰDkOϥ A O(Ϊ̤]iO@Ǩ䥦A
   O MX O)ӨN:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
www     A       127.0.0.2
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Paul Vixie, Dn named MaAĳnϥ CNAME oӳ]wD ҥHӦ
   {nܻ{uahϥΥD
   
   ǥѰ ndc reload JsƮwAo| named A@ŪɮסD
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> ls -d linux.bogus

   oNӦCXҦO
   
[localhost]
 linux.bogus.                   SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
 linux.bogus.                   NS    ns.linux.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   NS    ns.friend.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   TXT   "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
 localhost                      A     127.0.0.1
 mail                           A     127.0.0.4
 mail                           MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 mail                           MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 mail                           HINFO 386sx       Linux 1.0.9
 donald                         A     127.0.0.3
 donald                         MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 donald                         MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 donald                         HINFO i486        Linux 1.2
 donald                         TXT   "DEK"
 www                            CNAME ns.linux.bogus
 richard                        CNAME ns.linux.bogus
 ftp                            A     127.0.0.5
 ftp                            MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 ftp                            MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 ftp                            HINFO P6          Linux 1.3.59
 ns                             A     127.0.0.2
 ns                             MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 ns                             MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 ns                             HINFO Pentium     Linux 1.2
 ns                             TXT   "RMS"
 linux.bogus.                   SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)

   ܦnDڭˬdW www |:
   
> set q=any
> www.linux.bogus.
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus

   ...yܻAwww.linux.bogus uW٬O ns.linux.bogusD
   
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2

    ns.linux.bogus ֦ 127.0.0.2 oӦ}Dݰ_Ӥ]ܦnD
   
4.3 ~`J

   MAoӻO׵A̭Ҧ}]OAӳoγ\|AǲV
   cD u쪺@ӯuҤlШU@`D
   
5. u쪺Ҥl

   o̧ڭ̦CX@ǯuϰɮ
   
   ϥΪ̫ĳڥ[W@ӥiHB@uҤlA]ڹuiB@ε
   dҤtOMD
   
   oӨҤlƥn: dUn⥦AW٦AW! ⥦@
   ѦҸƨӾ\ŪNnDpGAQAΤWҤlD ڸgL LAND-5 
   David Bullock PN~ϥγoӨҤlDoɮתO 1996 ~EGQ
   A ]pGA{bd LAND-5 W٦Ai|o{ҤPD ٦A
   OARheť :-)
   
5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)

   ڭ̵o{ݭn primary ϦVϰ: @ӬO 127.0.0At@ӬO LAND-5 
   l 206.6.177D ٦@浹 land-5.com VϰD٦@In`NO
   ڦbog峹̱Nɮשb pz ؿ̡A LN̩s zone ؿD
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;  Boot file for LAND-5 name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type          domain                          source file or host
cache           .                               root.cache
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            zone/127.0.0
primary         177.6.206.in-addr.arpa          zone/206.6.177
primary         land-5.com                      zone/land-5.com
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.2 /var/named/root.cache

   Ooɮ׬OʺAAoCXӪOªDA̦nۤv dig ͤ@ӷs
   D
     _________________________________________________________________
   
; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>>
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9
;; QUESTIONS:
;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

;; ANSWERS:
 .       518357  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     222766  A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     299616  A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       198.41.0.4

;; Total query time: 250 msec
;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1
;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996
;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 312
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0

   LO򥻪Aٲ SOA OAHαN 127.0.0.1 V localhost O
   D ̳OD䥦FbɮפDoɮץiû
   sADAW٦Aκ޲zHa}ܡD
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609203       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.

1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com

   bo̧ڭ̬ݨoӥ SOA OAn NS OD ڭ̥iHݨ쥦@
   ӦnW٦A ns2.psi.netD o]ӬOnA`OO@Ӧn
   AƥD ڭ٬ݨ찵 LAND-5 tdҦPAȪDAH\h
    CNAME OoI (t@ӰkO A O)D
   
   NAq SOA Oݨ쪺@ˡAϰɮץH land-5.com }lA޲zHO
   root@land-5.comD Ǹ(serial)H yyyymmdd 榡[WѪX; i
   O 1996 ~EGQѪĤӪϰɮסD аOǸզa
   WAo̥uΤ@ƦrܷѪXA ]bsEL
   ~AsoɮסD[Ķ] ]ӦҼ{ΨƦrD
   
   [Ķ]
          Ū̥i|_Ǭ򤣯 1996092010 ? oӼƦr]OWAҥH
          MiHD FѲĤ@sɮ׮ɸӥΤO? pG 199609211
          AoӼƦrN 1996092010 npFD o˷|·СD]@̫
          ĳΨƦrAp 1996092006D
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@       IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                        199609206       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        10800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        10800           ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds
                NS      land-5.com.
                NS      ns2.psi.net.
                MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1

router          A       206.6.177.1

land-5.com.     A       206.6.177.2
ns              CNAME   land-5.com.
ftp             CNAME   land-5.com.
www             CNAME   land-5.com.
mail            CNAME   land-5.com.
news            CNAME   land-5.com.

funn            A       206.6.177.3
illusions       CNAME   funn.land-5.com.
@               TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

;
;       Workstations
;
ws_177200       A       206.6.177.200
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177201       A       206.6.177.201
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177202       A       206.6.177.202
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177203       A       206.6.177.203
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177204       A       206.6.177.204
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177205       A       206.6.177.205
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
ws_177250       A       206.6.177.250
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177251       A       206.6.177.251
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177252       A       206.6.177.252
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177253       A       206.6.177.253
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177254       A       206.6.177.254
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   t@ȱo`NƩҦu@SӧOW١AӬOΤ@}Y[W̫
   쪺 IP ƦrD γo˪DҥiHjqa²ƺ@u@Ai঳IKA
   BAƹWiOAȤᤣӷD
   
5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177

   ڱNb᭱oɮסD
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609206       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.
                        NS      ns2.psi.net.
;
;       Servers
;
1       PTR     router.land-5.com.
2       PTR     land-5.com.
3       PTR     funn.land-5.com.
;
;       Workstations
;
200     PTR     ws_177200.land-5.com.
201     PTR     ws_177201.land-5.com.
202     PTR     ws_177202.land-5.com.
203     PTR     ws_177203.land-5.com.
204     PTR     ws_177204.land-5.com.
205     PTR     ws_177205.land-5.com.
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
250     PTR     ws_177250.land-5.com.
251     PTR     ws_177251.land-5.com.
252     PTR     ws_177252.land-5.com.
253     PTR     ws_177253.land-5.com.
254     PTR     ws_177254.land-5.com.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ϦVϰGOӳ]wHYhDObA IP Ʀrɬd
   ߾W٥ΪD Ҧp: A@ irc A irc ȤݪsuD A
   OªA]AuƱ汵Ӧۮ¤Ψ䥦aȰasuD 
   AӦ۫Ȥݪsu C {wiDAsu IP }A]Ȥ
   ݪ IP ƦrO]tbǤJʥ]D MAiHIs@禡
   gethostbyaddr Hw IP d߾W١D gethostbyaddr 禡|V DNS 
   ݡADNS N|Xhd߳oxW١D ]ȤݨӦ ws_177200.land-5.com
   AC {wѵ irc A IP O 206.6.177.200D XW٧
   ̭nd 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpaDDNS Atd arpa. 
   AD M in-addr.arpa. AAAӬOϹLӪ 206AMO 6A
   ̫b LAND-5 td 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ϰ쪺AD Ѧڭ̱o
    200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ׬O 'PTR ws_177200.land-5.com' O
   A N֦ IP 206.6.177.200 W٬O ws_177200.land-5.comD LNb
    prep.ai.mit.edu pd߮ɩһAoL{yLID
   
   ^ irc AҤlDirc AuAӦ۴aȰasuA]N
   OA *.no, *.se, *.dkDws_177200.land-5.com oӦWrMäŦXo
   ǡD ]A|ڵsuDpGSg in-addr.arpa ϰ
   206.2.177.200 ϦVA ANLkdW٦ӱN|
   206.2.177.200 өM *.no, *.se  *.dk AM䤣ŦXD
   
   ǤH|iDAϦVdߥuAnAάO@I]nD MO:
   \h ftp, news, irc Ʀ http ANLkdW٪suD ]
   ƹWϦVWٹOD
   
6. @u@

   B@D
   
   ̪~椧~A named A٦Ӻ@ȱonD NO
    root.cache ɮתsD²檺kOϥ dig {A [
   ư dig {AAN|oqAۤvAo쪺 root.cacheD MH
   dig @rootserver . ns dݩҦCXڦA䤤@D AN|`No
   Xݰ_ӫD`a@ root.cache ɮסAF@B~ƦrH~DoǼƦr
   |êD ⥦sɮ׸(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns
   >root.cache.new)åBΥӨN쥻ª root.cache ɮסD
   
   NFɮפnOosҰ named {D
   
   Al Longyear HڳoӫOZAiH۰ʰӧs named.cacheAw
   ˭ crontab صMѤFD oӫOZ]AqlliHB@ӥB
   `hostmaster' oӶlOWwqDAӭ׭qHKŦXA]wD
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
#
# Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
# This is run automatically by a cron entry.
#
(
 echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
 echo "From: system <root>"
 echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file"
 echo

 export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
 cd /var/named

 dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new

 echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following informatio
n:"
 echo
 cat root.cache.new

 chown root.root root.cache.new
 chmod 444 root.cache.new
 rm -f root.cache.old
 mv root.cache root.cache.old
 mv root.cache.new root.cache
 ndc restart
 echo
 echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete.
"
 echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old."
) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
exit 0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ǤHi ftp q Internic o root.cache ɮסD Фn ftp ӧs
   root.cacheAW쪺k󬰫KQD
   
7. Bind version 8

   Bind version 8 O̷s bind ޳ND٨SըϥΡA David E. Smith
   < [14]dave@bureau42.ml.org> DLgFop`lD
   
   SӦhPDFϥ named.conf ӤO named.boot, lۦPD 
   B bind 8 ]tF@ perl OZӱN®榡ɮഫsD Ҧp@
   sMΦW٦A named.boot (®榡):
     _________________________________________________________________
   
directory /var/named
cache   .                                       root.hint
primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA                    127.0.0.zone
primary localhost                               localhost.zone
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   bOCUA bind8/src/bin/named ؿJ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   o| named.conf:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {
        directory "/var/named";
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hint";
};

zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
};

zone "localhost" {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
};
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   N named.boot C˪F賣ഫLӡAMӥå[JҦ bind 8 Ҥ
   \sjƤΰtmﶵD o̦㪺 named.conf P˪ơAOĲv
   n@ID
     _________________________________________________________________
   
// This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
// It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
// The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
// comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
// already had the zone files in /var/named.

options {
        directory "/var/named";
        check-names master warn;                /* default. */
        datasize 20M;
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
        check-names fail;
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer { any; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
        check-names fail;
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer { any; };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "root.hint";
};
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   bind8/src/bin/named/test ̦oӽdҡAHλɮתA\hHiH
   ӭקϥΡD
   
   ɮפ root.hint (root.cache) ۦPAs̪O]OD
   
8. su۰ʳ]w

   o@`ڦp]wHKCӹL{۰ʤơD ڪki@IAXAA
   OAiqکҧ@@ǨƱ̱o@IlD PɡAڨϥ PPP AM
   Ӧ\hHϥ slip άO cslip su覡A ҥHA]w̴XGCӦa賣
   iڪPD O slip ϥΪ dip {ӯکҧ@\hƱ
   D
   
   @ӻAڨSsWɧڪ resolv.conf ɮ׳¦a]to@
   
domain uio.no

   oTOڤݥDWٸѪR禡whpôYxiUڪW٦A
   D OڳsWuɭԧڷQn_lڪ named åB֦@Ӭݰ_ӹe
   Ҵyz resolv.conf ɮסD ǥѫO resolv.conf ˪Oɮ
   Aresolv.conf.local H resolv.conf.connected ӸѨMDD ᭱o@
   ݰ_ӹeҴyzL resolv.conf ɮסD
   
   n۰ʤƳsuL{ڰ@Ӻ٬ `ppp-on' OZ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
echo calling...
pppd
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   pppd Ӻ٬ options ɮסAiD pppd posu@ǯSƶD
   @ڪ ppp su pppd _l@Ӻ٬ ip-up O(ob pppd uW
   ϥΤU̦yz)D o̬OӫOZ̭@:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
interface="$1"
device="$2"
speed="$3"
myip="$4"
upip="$5"
 ...
cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf
 ...
/usr/sbin/named
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   yܻAڦbo̰_lڪ named {D ppp u pppd @Ӻ٬
   ip-down OZ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf
read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid
kill $namedpid
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ҥHobsuɰtmó]wƩyåBbuɸѰӰtmõ{D
   
   Yǵ{AҦpڷQ_ irc P talkAFLhwAFu@`A
   קA hosts ɮסD ڦb ip-up W[J
     _________________________________________________________________
   
cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts
echo $myip      roke >>/etc/hosts
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   hosts.ppp O²a]tF
     _________________________________________________________________
   
127.0.0.1       localhost
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    echo OJFڦ쪺 IP XھW(roke)D AӧΧA
   ۤvW١AiH hostname OdXD
   
   ASsuWɰ named iäoA oO] named N|
   eXdߨWӥBפɭ(timeout)ܪA ӨCYǭӵ{ո
   R@ӦW٪ɭԧANoݨoӲפɭD pGAϥμܧAӦbs
   Wɰ_l named åBbuɱD LаѦ [15]FAQ @`ܡD
   
   YǤHwbCtsuWϥ forwarders OD pGAںѪ̦b
   1.2.3.4 H 1.2.3.5 ] DNS AAiHJo@
     _________________________________________________________________
   
forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    named.boot ɮ׸̥hD oN|CۧAD IP yqAiyL@t
   סDpGAO̽uƶqIOܳoISOnD o٦Ӫ[ȡAA
   @@ӼȦs named @̩t_d: Aݭnhs@ӪŪ
   root.cache ɮסD
   
9. `Dѵ

   `ڱNCX@ DNS HΥ̱`QXDD٦ѵ :-) b
   gHګeХ\ŪL`D
   
    1. pb𤧤ϥ DNS ?
       @Ǵ: `forwarders', `slave', HΰѦҥ̫᭱mCD
    2. pQ DNS ѪiΦ}Y@AȡAp www.busy.siteA Hot
       ũĪG?
        www.busy.site [W\h A OAӥBϥ bind 4.9.3 ΥH᪺
       D o bind |ϥ round-robin tkMסDob󦭪
       bind Wu@D
    3. ڷQb@ʳ Intranet W[] DNSDڸӫ?
       ȦsɮץᱼudϰɮסDo]ܧANݭnsȦsɮסD
    4. ڪtΨS ndc {Dڸӫ?
       AtΦw˹L@ªAiL bind {D pGwʹAܭn:
       ߨN bind ɯšDpGOAA]iHγoªD Ai named
       ӤO ndc startD ndc reload ܦ named.reload  ndc restart ܦ
       named.restartD Ҧoǵ{iೣb /usr/sbin ̡D
    5. pإߦnW٦A?
       pGDnW٦Aa}O 127.0.0.1A bAnW٦A
       named.boot ɮפ@:
         _____________________________________________________________
       
  secondary     linux.bogus             127.0.0.1       sz/linux.bogus
         _____________________________________________________________
       
    6. ڧƱu bind ~D
       ڦӦ Ian Clark < [16]ic@deakin.edu.au> HLpo
       ID
       
I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have
two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains
the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake
which contains...

--------------
; root.cache.fake
; this file contains no information
--------------

When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and
restart named.

When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart
named.

This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively.

The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't
have details for it puts an entry like this in messages..

Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

which I can live with.

It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for
local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for
external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external
domains work normally

    7. W٦ANȦsƫOsb? kiHjp?
       ҦȦsƳOsbO餤Aɨ襦|QgJϺФD C
       A named ɳoǼȦsƴNSFDSkiHȦsơD
       named Τ@²檺khӺ޲zDAΥzѥkȦs
       ƩΨjpD pGAƱpAiHۤvh named {DL̦nO
       o򰵡D
    8. pbs_l named OsȦs? ڥiH⥦sUӶ?
       ! named Qɤ|OdȦsơD oNOȦsƥbCA
       ís_l named ᭫sإߡD Sk named NȦsƦsɮ
       ̡D pGAƱpAiHۤvh named {DL̦nOo򰵡D
       
10. p󦨬@Ӥj DNS ޲z

   HΤu
   
   sbuDbuWάOLnDnXѤp DNS j DNS ޲z
   @B\ŪXoǤOnD LnзǰѦҮѬO DNS and BIND by C.
   Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN
   0-937175-82-XD ŪLAܴΡDbt@ TCP/IP Network
   Administration, by Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X @
   `O DNS Dt@޲z DNS ܦn(Ϊ̬Oo@u@ܦn)
   ѫhO Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, @ Robert M.
   Prisig Ѹ ISBN 0688052304D
   
   uWƧAiHbo̧ [17]http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/,
   [18]http://www.isc.org/bind.html; `DAѦҤU(BOG; Bind
   Operations Guide)OwwqH DNS smD oǤڤjS
   \ŪLAO]ڤOӤj DNS ޲z̡D t@譱 Arnt Gulbrandsen w
   gŪL BOG ӥB惡ܼZ :-)D sDQ׸s
   [19]comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains O DNS Q׸sD ~٦nX
    DNS  RFCsA̭niOo:
   
   RFC 2052
          A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location
          of services (DNS SRV), October 1996
          
   RFC 1918
          Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
          Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.
          
   RFC 1912
          D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
          02/28/1996.
          
   RFC 1713
          A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.
          
   RFC 1712
          C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding
          of Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.
          
   RFC 1183
          R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
          Definitions, 10/08/1990.
          
   RFC 1035
          P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and
          specification, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1034
          P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities,
          11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1033
          M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1032
          M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 974
          C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.

References

   1. mailto:janl@math.uio.no
   2. http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/
   3. http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/
   4. mailto:janl@ifi.uio.no
   5. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
   6. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
   7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#bigger
   8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/PPP-HOWTO.html
   9. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  10. ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/
  11. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#maint
  12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  13. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#auto
  14. mailto:dave@bureau42.ml.org
  15. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.17239/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  16. mailto:ic@deakin.edu.au
  17. http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/
  18. http://www.isc.org/bind.html
  19. news:comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains
